Alcohol Advertising to Youth Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Advertising to Youth Essay Many people are unaware of the prevalence of underage drinking in the United States. Every day in the United States, more than 4,750 kids under age 16 have their first full drink of alcohol. More youth in the United States drink alcohol than smoke tobacco or marijuana, making it the drug most used by American young people. Youth who start drinking before the age of 15 are five times more likely to develop alcohol dependency or abuse in their lifetime than those who begin drinking at 21 years or later. All of these facts were published by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth. They have published many reports on the prevalence of drinking among underage youth. But why do underage youth start drinking alcohol in the first place? According to many studies, alcohol advertising is the main influencer of alcohol consumption among underage youth. Alcohol advertising influences the use of alcohol among youth and increases the likelihood that they will consume alcohol illegally. For example, a study published in 2006 found that for each additional alcohol ad a young person saw (above the monthly youth average of 23), he or she drank one percent more. Also, for every additional dollar spent on alcohol advertising in a local market, underage drinkers consumed three percent more alcohol (Surgeon General, 2007). Because young children are likely to be influenced by alcohol advertisements, there needs to be stricter regulations on the advertising industries ability to advertise alcohol to underage youth. According to the Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking (2007), â€Å"The short-and long-term consequences that arise from underage alcohol consumption are astonishing in their range and magnitude, affecting adolescents, the people around them, and society as a whole. † Therefore, there should be a stricter regulation on alcohol advertising to youth because of the strong influence it has on their behavior and their alcohol consumption patterns. Each year, the alcohol industry spends more than four billion dollars marketing its products (Mosher Cohen, 2012). There have been multiple studies that have correlated underage youth exposure with a greater likelihood of drinking. It is imperative that the government or advertising industry reduces the impact of alcohol marketing on young people. Reducing underage drinking, like smoking, is an important public health goal (Mosher Cohen, 2012). Public health departments in California, Massachusetts, and Florida have made crucial strides in reducing underage smoking rates in their states (Mosher Cohen, 2012). They did this my sponsoring tobacco counter advertising campaigns. This indicates that this type of approach may be effective for reducing underage drinking as well (Mosher Cohen, 2012). The problem with this for alcohol advertising is that there are already responsibility ads, but they are outnumbered by alcohol ads 226-1 (CAMY News Release, 2004). Alcohol product advertising has increased significantly in recent years, while responsibility ads have decreased. According to a new study from CAMY at Georgetown University, the number of responsibility ads dropped by 46 percent from 2001 levels, while the number of alcohol commercials increased by 39 percent. Industry spending on responsibility ads also fell—down 57 percent from 2001. This is unacceptable. According to CAMY Executive Director, Jim O’Hara, â€Å"This minimal amount of responsibility advertising does little to reinforce the message of parents and teachers who are trying to prevent underage drinking. Our children need to receive a more balanced message about alcohol. † According to the same study, for every dollar spent on responsibility ads in 2002, the industry spent $99 on product ads, where in 2001, the ratio was $1 to $35. Alcohol companies should be required to sponsor a certain amount of responsibility ads each year, that is relative to the number of alcohol product ads they place. This would help to increase the amount of responsibility ads underage youth is exposed to and thus, increasing the amount of reinforcement they receive to not drink underage and illegally. According to the CAMY study at Georgetown University in 2002, of 59 alcohol marketers advertising on television, only four places responsibility ads in 2002. Adolph Coors Co, Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc. , SABMiller PLC and Diageo PLC were the four parent companies whose brands placed responsibility ads in 2002. Anheuser-Busch placed the most ads, but they still spent 45 times more on product ads and placed 89 more product ads than responsibility ads (CAMY, 2002). Underage youth were 287 times more likely per capita to see a TV commercial promoting alcohol from 2001 to 2006 (Nielsen Media Research, 2006). Other studies have found that youth exposed to alcohol in movies and to alcohol in signage near schools as well as youth ownership of alcohol promotional items are all associated with a greater likelihood of underage drinking (The Surgeon General, 2007). Therefore, because of youth’s potential to be greatly influenced by alcohol advertisements, this high amount of exposure to alcohol advertisements increases the consumption of alcohol among underage youth. There is opposition to stricter regulations on alcohol advertising; some feel that these regulations will not have any effect on the consumption and use of alcohol among underage youth. According to Marcus Grant, the president and founder of the International Centre for Alcohol Policies said that in many Scandinavian countries where alcohol advertising was banned, the prevalence of alcohol abuse was still high. Also, according to the industry Association for Responsible Alcohol Use (ARA), no evidence exists to support the notion that beverage alcohol advertising has any significant effect on the rate of alcohol abuse. According to the ARA, Denmark has a ban on all broadcast advertising except on low alcohol-content products, as well as various restrictions on print and outdoor advertising. It has one of the highest reported rates of intoxication among young people. Therefore, they feel that increasing the amount of regulations of alcohol advertising, or the banning of alcohol advertising as a whole, will not result in a decline in the rate of alcohol consumption among underage youth. While alcohol marketers have made reforms in their marketing practices, these revisions fall short (Mosher Cohen 2012). In 2006, The STOP Act was passed, requiring that the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services report annually on rates of exposure of youth to positive and negative messages about alcohol in the mass media. Advertisers are aware of the media usage of youth and current alcohol regulations do not do enough to protect underage youth from viewing alcohol advertisements. According to CAMY reports on Youth Exposure to Alcohol Ads, the advertising industry has reduced youth exposure to its advertising in magazines and cut its spending on radio. However, youth exposure to alcohol advertising on television grew by 30 percent between 2001 and 2006 (Mosher Cohen, 2012). Because youth, ages 12 to 20, are only 13. 3 percent of the national TV viewing audience, the current threshold of not placing ads where underage youth are more than 30 percent of the audience allows alcohol advertising on programs where there are more than twice as many youth as the viewing population (Mosher Cohen, 2012). It is obvious that current regulations do not do enough to support the goals of Congress, and of the Surgeon General, to decrease alcohol advertising exposure and alcohol consumption among underage youth. Therefore, stricter regulations need to be put into place to restrict the advertising industry from placing alcohol advertisements within youth-consumed media. CAMY issued a report of eight methods for states to limit and reduce youth exposure to alcohol advertisements. According to CAMY, only 11 states implement more than one â€Å"best practice† policy, a total of 22 states implement no policies at all. It is important for these states to implement all of eight of the methods to ensure that underage youth are not exposed to these ads and the consequences of seeing these ads (Swift, 2011). According to a study conducted by Leslie B. Snyder, Ph. D. , of the University of Connecticut, Storrs, and colleagues, a random sample of young people between the ages of 15 to 26 years old were interviewed. The researchers reported these results: (1) For each additional alcohol advertisement viewed per month, the number of drinks consumed increased by one percent (2) The same percentage increase, one percent per alcohol advertisement per month, applied to underage drinkers (those younger than age 21) as well as legal aged drinkers (3) Youth in markets with high alcohol advertising expenditures ($10 or more per person per month) also increase their drinking more over time, reaching a peak of 50 drinks per month by age 25 and, (4) Young people drank three percent more per month for each additional dollar spent per capita in their market (Buddy T., 2006). This research shows that advertising expenditure had a direct influence on the amount of alcohol consumed by underage and legal aged drinkers. According to Snyder, â€Å"The results also contradict the claims that advertising is unrelated to youth drinking amounts†¦ Alcohol advertising was a contributing factor to youth drinking quantities over time,† (Buddy T. , 2006). The facts cannot be denied; alcohol advertising is effective. The bottom line is, the more advertising young people see, the more they drink (Buddy T. , 2012). CAMY has found that many parents are beginning to become concerned about the overexposure to alcohol advertisements that their children see. Two-thirds of parents believe more ads mean more youth drinking and 75 percent of parents agree that the alcohol industry should do more to limit youth advertising (Buddy T. , 2012). It is unacceptable that nothing more has been done to prevent this while there have been multiple studies done on the correlation between alcohol advertising and underage drinking, and they all have concluded the same results: Exposure to alcohol advertising increase the likelihood for underage drinking and increased alcohol consumption. Alcohol advertisements need to be regulated across all media forms: online, television, magazine and print, radio, etc. Young people should not be exposed to alcohol advertisements, especially within the media channels that they use most. Television alcohol ads should not be allowed to be on shows with certain percentage of underage viewers, the same goes for magazine and radio advertisements. While it will be hard to regulate this, more can be done to make sure the message of preventing underage drinking is reinforced through responsibility ads. If stricter regulations on alcohol advertisements cannot be put into place, then the amount of responsibility ads countering the alcohol ads needs to be dramatically increased. Underage youth need to constantly be reinforced with the message of not underage drinking as well as the warnings of drinking such as drunk driving. In conclusion, more needs to be done to reduce the amount of youth exposure to alcohol product advertisements and to prevent underage drinking. It is the responsibility of the government and of alcohol marketers to make sure they are protecting youth, not corrupting them at a young age. Youth exposure to alcohol advertisements increase the amount of alcohol consumed by underage drinkers and current regulations are simply not doing enough to prevent this. References Alcohol Ads Outnumber Responsibility Ads 226-1. About. com Alcoholism. N. p. , 2002. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Alcohol Advertising and Youth. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. CAMY. org, Apr. 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Mosher, James F. , JD Cohen, and Elena N. Cohen. State Laws to Reduce the Impact of Alcohol Marketing on Youth. Camy. org. Alcohol Policy Consultations, 1 May 2011. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Prevalence of Underage Drinking. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. N. p. , July 2011. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. State Report Update 2012. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. N. p. , 1 May 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Swift, James. States Not Reducing Youth Exposure to Alcohol Ads. Youthtoday. org. YouthToday. org, 4 May 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. T. , Buddy. Alcohol Advertising Increases Youth Drinking. About. com Alcoholism. N. p. , 19 Jan. 2006. Web. 11 Dec. 2012 T. , Buddy. Teen Drinking Influenced by Alcohol Advertising. About. com Alcoholism. N. p. , 19 Oct. 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. T. , Buddy. Underage Drinking Troubles Parents. About. com Alcoholism. N. p. , 27 Dec. 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon Generals Call to Action To Prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General, 2007.

Galileo Galilei Essay -- Technology, Telescope, Inventions

In 1609 Galileo modified a three-powered spy glass; although Galileo did not invent the first telescope, his high quality modifications were well known and very popular. His alterations helped clarify the idea that the earth and planets revolve around the sun as opposed to the other way around. This powerful telescope, for its time, also helped astronomers see that there was a vast universe with a myriad of stars just waiting to be discovered (â€Å"The First Telescopes†). Just as Columbus’s discoveries of the new world influenced countries to explore into the â€Å"new world,† the American continent, there are countless of new worlds in outer space waiting for humanity to discover. With advancing technology and more knowledge so much more is possible. However, many do not find astronomy or space exploration important or necessary calling it â€Å"propaganda designed to separate [one] from [their] tax dollars.† The fact that there are other daunting challe nges when it comes to astronomy or any related studies, such as funds, support, or disasters, may discourage people on from supporting space exploration and astronomy (Rose). Although when it comes to the adventure of outer space and the resources acquired along the way, obstacles can become obsolete and new portals of information can be opened to humanity inspiring new inventions and minds, finding ways to understand planet earth, and assuring that humanity has a future in the universe. Thus it is important for humanity to have a foot in the door of the Universe. Astronomy and other space related fields have always looked for new ways to advance, which can be traced to Galileo improving the telescope and further back when the first humans would look up at the sky and wonder. Flash forward a ... ... EU†). As an answer to the recession, the space industries could create more jobs as opposed to dissipating them. â€Å"When enough people support an idea they will find a way to make it a reality† which has been demonstrated in the past by the Apollo missions and the discovery of new technologies (Moser and Spangenburg 99). There will always be a desire to discover no matter how stagnant or impossible events may seem. So long as there is a will, there will be a way. But with space exploration new information will inspire the human spirit or discovery from projects such as the Hubble images which are provided for public viewing around the world and a new understanding of earth and how to preserve it will arise, and assuring that humanity has a future in the universe, that is, if the desire to explore the final frontier does not vanish (Moser and Spangenburg 73).

Endosymbiotic Theory Essay

The endosymbiotic theory explains the evolution of the eukaryotic cell and eukaryotic organelles by phagocytocis of small prokaryotic cells. This theory states that some of the organelles in today’s eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic bacteria. In this theory, the first eukaryotic cell was probably an amoeba-like nucleated (probably DNA in a nucleoid region not an actual nucleus) prokaryotic cell that got nutrients by phagocytosis (engulfing nutrients or other cells) Some of these unicellular amoeba-like organisms engulfed prokaryotic cells that somehow were not digested within the organism. In the process of being engulfed the smaller cells would have been wrapped in membrane from the larger cell, today we see double membranes in mitochondria and chloroplasts.  The symbiotic relationship was beneficial because the host cell would have provided essential nutrients to the engulfed prokaryotic cell in exchange the smaller prokaryotic cell used these nutrients to synthesize ATP molecules, this ATP was used as an energy source by the host cell. The smaller prokaryotic cell was given a safe environment as well as receiving nutrients from the larger host cell. The small prokaryotic cell developed a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with the host cell. This smaller prokaryotic cell would eventually become mitochondria or chloroplasts. Mitochondria would have been formed when bacteria capable of aerobic respiration were ingested by a much larger cell. Chloroplasts formed when photosynthetic bacteria were ingested. They eventually lost their cell wall and much of their DNA because they were not of benefit within the host cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot grow outside their host cell in normal conditions because they now depend on the cell for protection and nutrients. The reason we do not see this type of symbiotic relationship today is because conditions are much different now then they were on earth millions of years ago when this symbiotic event first took place. Scientists can support the endosymbiotic hypothesis because the characteristics of energy organelles are so similar to those of prokaryotes. Energy organelles have their own set of genetic information it is not found  enclosed in a nucleus but a circular ring in a nucleoid region just like prokaryotic DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes this would imply that at one time energy organelles were able be self sufficient. Both organelles have a double membrane, a remnant of ancient endosymbiotic event. Also when a cell divides by mitosis the energy organelles replicate the same way as do prokaryotic bacteria, by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic cells. The DNA of these energy organelles is different from the DNA found in the cells nucleus. There is some evidence of bacterial DNA in these energy organelles that suggests that long ago they were once prokaryotic cells. Biology, Neil A. Campbell & Jane B. ReeceBenjamin Cummings; 7th Edition, 2006Investigating Biology, Neil A Campbell & Jane B.ReeceBenjamin Cummings; 6th Edition 2007

Quality Management - 2071 Words

Quality Management Rasheeda Saboor 6200 Bakers Ferry Rd. #111 Atlanta, GA 30331 rsaboor3@gmail.com (404)764-6569 GSCM 588- Managing Quality Prof. Jayanta Bandyopadhyay December 14, 2014 Introduction Elan Management is a boutique firm specializing in association management located in Mableton, GA. Elan Management was established in September 2008. Homeowner association management is part of the thriving real estate industry. Elan is responsible for the daily administrative and financial affairs of 10 homeowner’s association. Elan employs 3 full-time workers year round and 7 seasonal employees in the summer months. Elan Management has been successful through the connections it has with one of†¦show more content†¦According to Schraeder, â€Å"Managers and employees should be trained in the quality initiatives the company has implemented. Employees should be a part of the process in developing methods to assist in getting other employees involved in quality improvement and acceptance.† (p.6) As I stated above, since Elan doesn’t have a quality management team, all employees should have input in the quality process. Not only will it benefit the clients that we serve but it will also increase employee morale. Although there are only 3 full-time employees, having them involved would show them that they are appreciated and their opinions are valued. According to Koontz, â€Å"the process of collaborative planning can promote networks, coordination, and buy-in that promotes implementation, even if the plan itself is not directly influential.† (p.436) So, having a bottom-up approach and including members of the entire company is beneficial overall even if it doesn’t fully result in what was expected. â€Å"The quality experience process occurs when firms (alone or with customers) deliver attributes for customers to experience and customers perceive these attributes through the lens of their measurement knowledge and motivation, emotions, and expectations.† (Golder, p.4) IncorporatingShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Total Quality Management1946 Words   |  8 Pages Total Quality Management is the concept of processes and integration all of functions in an organization in order that to focus on quality control and approach to long-term success will continue improvement in all aspects but not short- term goal. TQM of business plan began in 1980 in the United States. It was popular until early 1990. Nowadays, in the small business to large business, including restaurant and fast food businesses that used system quality standards to manage the organization becauseRead MoreQuality And Total Quality Management1662 Words   |  7 PagesQuality is defined by meeting customers needs. Total quality management in the company through continuous improvement of the quality of its products, services and people. (Goetsch, 2010) Quality and total quality management, the main difference is that perception and activities. (Goetsch, 2010) Here are two of the main elements of the total amount as follows: 1) Education and training: all must be trained and the staff of the organization and educated so that they work hard to do a smart job.Read MoreMeasuring the Cost of Quality Management3443 Words   |  14 PagesCASE FOR QUALITY Measuring the Cost of Quality For Management by Gary Cokins T he quality movement has used the term cost of quality (COQ) for decades. But few organizations have actually adopted a reliable and repeatable method for measuring and reporting COQ and applied it to improve operations. Is the administrative effort just not worth the benefits, or is there a deeper problem with the methodology for measuring COQ? What COQ Should Do At an operational level, quality managementRead MoreProductivity and Quality Management9708 Words   |  39 PagesIssue paper one: Productivity and Quality Management Executive Report Prepared by G.Y. Attanayake MBA/2003/1448 Course : MBA 501 Managing Business Operations Dr. Travis Perera and Mr. A.K.L Jayawardana July, 2003 POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT University of Sri Jayewardenepura TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. EXECUTIVE SUMMERY 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 MEASURING PRODUCTIVITY IN THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS 1.1.1 Productivity Defined and Explained 5 1.1.1.1 Why ProductivityRead MoreQuality Management: Implementing Quality Systems2153 Words   |  9 PagesImplementing quality systems 01_Introduction A quality material, product, process, service or system is one that meets the needs of customers. Today, customers, including consumers, know what they want and can easily recognise ‘quality’. Businesses interact with a variety of customers e.g. †¢ Internal e.g. staff who have their office cleaned, or use the canteen †¢ Business e.g. suppliers of raw materials, stationery, transport, telecommunications †¢ End users e.g. other firms, the government orRead MoreTotal Quality Management750 Words   |  3 PagesTotal Quality Management Total quality management is something that was introduced to us around the 1950s. By the 1980s this was something that had been implemented more into many different businesses and the movement began. A total quality management team is defined as the techniques an association uses to recover not only the quality of its company and services but also its production level. This technique involves a lot of joint effort and is used through-out an organization. Everyone is includedRead MoreQuality Of Quality Management Process919 Words   |  4 PagesThe Quality Management process is a set of procedures that are followed to ensure that deliverables that are produced by a team that comply with standards. The start of a Quality Management process involves setting quality levels, which agree with the customer. Quality Assurance along with Quality Control Process are measured and reported to the actual quality of deliverables. Part of the Quality Management Processes are quality issues are id entified and resolved quickly. A Quality Management ProcessRead MoreThe Quality Of Total Quality Management896 Words   |  4 Pages Total quality management, also known as TQM, which is an umbrella methodology drawing on knowledge of the principles and practices of the behavioral sciences, the analysis of quantitative and non-quantitative data, economic theories, and process analysis to continually improve the quality of all processes. Three major contributors to the quality profession include: Walter A. Shewhart, W. Edwards Demings, and Joseph M. Juran, who taught the concepts of controlling the quality and managerialRead MoreQuality Of Quality Assessment And Management1313 Words   |  6 PagesQuality Assessment and Management Healthcare facilities have a legal and moral obligation to provide the high quality patient care, (Huber, 2014). The Quality Management team’s goal will be to continually strive to improve the care their organization delivers. In order for this to be achieved their must goals and objectives to work towards. The success of these goals and objectives are dependent upon The Quality Management Structure of the organization. With proper implementation and managementRead MoreQuality Management : Quality Of House Building Essay1821 Words   |  8 Pages 4.729 QUALITY MANAGEMENT QUALITY OF HOUSE BUILDING IN AUCKLAND Name : MILTON JOSEPH FRANCIS I.D. No. : 20142314 Email : itsmemilton@gmail.com Word Count : 1706 Prepared for : PROF. RAY NINOW Introduction: Substandard building work is on the ascent, with protests to the administration run Licensed Building Practitioners plan up 30 for each penny this year. The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment which runs the plan says more developers